1 Introduction 1 1.1 Numerical Simulation 2 1.2 Why is numerical accuracy important? 11 2 An Outline of the Finite Element Method 17 3 Formulation of Mathematical Models 79 4 Generalized Formulations 109 5 Finite Element Spaces 145 6 Regularity and Rats of Convergence 167 7 Computation and Verification of Data 215 8 What should be Computed and Why? 237 9 Beams,…