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The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy Into Action
“Measuring performance in the organization of the future.” The study was motivated by a belief that existing performance measurement approaches, primarily relying on financial accounting measures, were becoming obsolete.
Early in the project, we examined recent case studies of innovative performance measurement systems. One, the Analog Devices case, described an approach for measuring rates of progress in continuous improvement activities. The case also showed how Analog was using a newly created “Corporate Scorecard” that contained, in addition to several traditional financial measures, performance measures relating to customer delivery times, quality and cycle times of manufacturing processes, and effectiveness of new product developments.
The group discussions led to an expansion of the scorecard to what we labeled a “Balanced Scorecard”, organized around four distinct perspectives – financial, customer, internal, and innovation and learning. The name reflected the balance provided between short- and long- term objectives, between financial and nonfinancial measures, between lagging and leading indicators, and between external and internal performance perspectives.
Mr. Chambers & Mr. Brady saw the scorecard as more than a measurement system. They both wanted to use the new measurement system to communicate and align their organizations to new strategies: away from the historic, short term focus on cost reduction and low price competition, and toward generating growth opportunities by offering customized, value added products & services to customers.
Balanced Scorecard not only to clarify and communicate strategy, but also to manage strategy.
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